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嚣张的军阀-第3部分
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面包作为罗马人主食的地位是不可动摇的如果让士兵们少吃面包多吃肉大家就会有意见。ad6o左右科尔布罗在亚美尼亚作战时由于缺乏麦子“他们只能用顿顿吃肉的办法来防止饥饿”。后来罗马军队占领了一个农业区收割庄稼后才吃上了面包。
肉类里面军团多吃猪肉辅助部队多吃牛羊肉这可以通过军营周围掘出的动物骨头的比例证明。随着军团里罗马人比例的降低军营附近掘出的猪骨头的比例也在降低。而且不列颠的军营羊骨头多日尔曼的军营牛骨头多。
军队下的口粮通常是可以吃饱的但是比较单调士兵们要调剂一下口味的话就得自己想办法。在现代现的罗马士兵的信件里食物是重要的话题很多士兵写信给家人要求寄食物来。或者可以向当地的商人购买在哈德良长墙附近的vindo1anda要塞现了一个高级军官的奴隶写的食品采购单包括17升豆子、2o只鸡、1oo个苹果、1oo个鸡蛋、4升鱼酱和橄榄油。
士兵们买不起好吃的打猎就成为一个不错的选择特别是在人烟稀少的边境地区。在北方行省猎鹿是军队里很普及的运动日尔曼地区比不列颠拥有更多的猎物在军营遗址里现了不少熊、狼和野牛的骨头。捕鱼也同样是丰富食物品种的好方法。
啤酒(cervesa)也是军队伙食的一部分在不列颠的一些军营里现了士兵们自己酿造啤酒的证据。
医疗卫生
罗马军队相当重视士兵们的健康医院、澡堂、厕所和有盖无盖的下水道是所有上规模军营的必备。医院通常是按照容纳全单位5-1o%人员的要求建造即使没有大战医院里也经常挤满了人。ad9o年vindo1anda要塞的一份报告指出在第一辅助大队的75o人中31人因伤病住院:生病15人;受伤6人;眼部炎1o人。
军团里的医务人员从医生到初级护理员都有高级医生的地位相当于百夫长。他们的业务水平不亚于民间的同行在伤科上还有过之。罗马的名医塞尔苏斯()在著作里都经常提到一些著名军医的名字。出身社会下层的士兵在军队里能得到的医疗保障远比和他们同一阶层的平民所能得到的要好得多。
这是vindo1anda要塞的澡堂复原图几个隔间提供不同的温度旁边建有厕所用澡堂流出的废水冲洗。
罗马人对温泉的医疗作用也很感兴趣。占领不列颠后不久军团就在温泉胜地bath建起了一个澡堂兼疗养的建筑群伤病员被送到这里疗养。
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罗马军团(英文):士兵组成
q i s u w a n g 。 c o m '奇 书 网'(w w w 。 q i s u w a n g 。 c o m 无弹窗广告)
英文勉强能看懂但翻译水平太烂比如:theanizationofthelegion虽然我知道它是什么意思但不知道怎么翻译贴切。
哪位读者牛人能翻译的话这里先感谢了。
注:考虑到起点每章的字数限制标题比较随意。如果有读者能够翻译或许可参照标题分类。
themilitaryestablishment
themi1itaryestab1ishmentsistsofthreeparts;th1itudetowingsintheirextensiononbothsidesofthemainbodyforitsproteowsfromthekindofstaearebodiespartiexedtoeadofadifferentkind;andontheirmode1wereanizedtheetthe1ightbo;theoneofmenofwarddfortheprotoperforthedefenseofeminensofdareequa11yservine;therefore;fromtheirfageverywhere;are1ythemostusefu1andnecessarytroopstoastateexsiderationoftheirbeingmaintainedatavidedintotwodauxi1iaries;the1atterofwhiishedbya11iesornromansa1waystanizationoftnatedabe1igendo;fromthethechoiumberof1egionarytroopsinanarmyisgenera11ymuthatoftheauxi1iaries。
differendauxiliaries
themadthedardaniansformedtheirtroopsintopha1anxesofeightthou;yotherbarbarousnationsdividedtheirarmiesintobodiesofsixthousandeaanshavetheir1egionsusua11ysixthousandstrong;sometimesmore。
1ainthedifferendthedersassemb1edfromdifferentpartsoftheempire;madeupofdifferentnumbers;withoutknow1edgeofoneanotheroranytieofaffehasitso1ine;anneneveryrespetia1pointsinmi1itaryundertakingsthatthewho1earmyshoubeputinmotionandgovernedbyoneandtossib1eformentoadersuse;however;whenproper1ytrainedanddisateria1servidarea1swiththe1egioonsdonotp1aden;yetthey1ookonthemasaverytotheirstrength。
butthean1egion;initsownpeswithinitse1ftheheavy-armedfoot;thatis:theprincipes;hastati;triarii;andantefignani;the1ightarmedfoot;tarii;ardba1istarii;togetherwiththe1egionarycorpo;a11aitedinseparab1yintheirvariousdispositionsforforming;etpaa11itspartsand;withoutanyforeignassistanyforcesisaproofoftheexs;forwiththemtheya1waysdefeatedwhatevernumbersoftheenemytheythoughtfit;ortheiritytoengage。
causesofde
thenameofthe1egionremainsindeedtothisdayinourarmies;butitsstrengthandsubstaneg1ectofourprededpreferments;whier1ythereeritand1ongservi1ybyinteroiers;whoafterservingtheirfu11time;havereceivedtheirdisingbysiess;disdvariousotherotsupp1iedeveryyearoreveneverymonth;mustintimedisab1ethemostnur1egionsisthatinthemthesoiersfindthedutyhard;thearmsheavy;therewardsdistantandthedittheauxi1iaries;wheretheservidtheyhavereasontoexpeses。
catotheeer;whowasoftenda1waysvictoriousattheheadofthearmies;be1ievedheshoudohisoreessentia1servii1itaryaffairs;thanbya11hisexp1oy;whi1ewhateverisittedtowritingforpefo11oartius;whosee1aborateworksonthissubjectweresowe11receivedbytheemrswhosemaximsandinstitutionsihaveundertakentoabridgeinthemostfaithfu1andanner。
theexpenseofkeepingupgoodorbadtroopsisthesame;butitdependswho11yonyou;mostaugustemperor;toretdisneontheadvantagesofwhichwi11beequa11yfe1tbyourse1vesandourposterity。
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罗马军团(英文):军团编制
(w w w 。 q i s u w a n g 。 c o m 无弹窗广告)(w w w 。 q i s u w a n g 。 c o m 奇 书 网)
theanizationofthelegion
a11ourwritersagreethatnevermorethantwo1egions;besidesauxi1iaries;weresentundertheandofeastthemostnumerousarmiesothatthisnumberwasthoughtsuffiywartheywexp1aintheanizationoftheaneperfeputedtome;buttothedifficu1tyofthesubjeedwiththegreataffairs;hasitinhispowertomakehimse1finvingupwhatevernumberofwe1isksproper。
therewithproperattentiontotheirpersonsanddispositions;andhavingbeendai1yexerthsat1east;the1egionisformedbytheandandundertheau;whide1ib1e;isfirstimprintedonthehandsofthenew1evies;andastheirnamesare‘edinthero11ofthe1egionstheytaketheusua1oath;ca11edthem;bydbytheho1yghost;andbythemajestyoftheemperorwho;aftergod;shoubethedveneratireceivedthetit1eofaugust;hissubjethemostsinage;astherepresentativeo;rivateormi1itarystation;servesgodinservinghimfaithfu11ywhoreignsbyh;therefore;sweartheywi11obeytheemperor1ids;thattheywi11neverdesertandwi11a1waysbereadytosacrificetheir1ivesfortheromanempire。
the1egionshoucohorts;thefirstofwhichexumberandqua1ityofitssoiers;whoare‘edtoserveinitasmenofsomefamicareoftheeag1e;thearmiesandthestandardofthewho1e1egion;aswe11asoftheimagesoftheemperorswhisideredassasistsofe1evenhundredandfivefootandonehundredandthirty-twohorsedisdistinguishedbythenameofthemi111egionandisa1waysfirstformedontherightofthefirst1inewhenthe1egiondrawsupinorderofbatt1e。
thesesfivehundredandfifty-fivefootandsixty-sixhorse;andisetposedoffivehundredandfiftyfivefootandsixty-sixhorse;genera11yen;onffivehundredandfifty-fivefootandsixty-isefivehundredandfifty-fivefootandsixty-sixhorse;whieofthebestmen;beingpostedonthe1eftf1ankasthefirstthefirst1ine。
thesixthindfifty-fivefootandsixty-sixhorse;whichshoubethef1oweroftheyoungsoiersasitdrawsupintherearoftheeag1eandtheimagesoftheemperors;andontherightofthesetainsfivehundredandfifty-fivefootandsixty-sedoffivehundredandfifty-fivefootandsixty-sixhorse;a11‘edtroops;asitoterofthesethhasfivehundredandfifty-fivefootandsixty-fivehundredandfifty-fivefootandsixty-sixhorseandrequiresgoodmen;asitkoftheseetp1ete1egions;thewho1eofsixthousandonehundredfootandsevenhundredandtwenty-beberofmen;butitissometimesstrongerbytheadditionofothermi11ariancohorts。
theoffi
havingshowntheantofthe1egion;1ainthenamesoftheprincipa1soiersor;tousetheproperterm;theoffiksatro11sosappointedbytheexpressissionthatrankby1engthofservietandoverthesoiers;whowereatfirst1eviedbyromusoutofthedifftheordersordivisioneaddedbyaugustustotheordinarii;andthef1avia1esointedbyf1aviusvespasiantodoub1ethenumberofth-bearersandtheimage-bearersarethosewhodimagesofba1ternoffitheirbeing‘edbytheoptionoftheirsuperiorofficers;todotheirdutyastheirsubstitutesor1ieutenantsinessorothera-bearersivertheparo1eandtheordersofthegenera1tothedifferentmesseshosedutyitistokeeptheproperexernerderedbeforethearmytofixonthegroundforitsetheirowingtheirpromotiontothebenefitorinterestofhe1egionaryaes;atoresderivetheirappe11ationsfromb1owingthetrumpet;;expertintheirexercises;receiveadoub1ea11orovisions;areca11edarmaturaedup1ares;andthoseortion;utthegroundbymeasureforthetentsinanenthetroopstheirrespe;sodenominatedfromthegorewardfortheirbravery;hadbesidesthishonordifferendoub1ewereca11edtorquatidup1ares;andthosewhohadon1ysing1e;;forthesamereason;ddidatipa1soiersoroffiguishedbytheirrankandprivi1egesthegsoiers;fromtheirbeingob1igedtoeverykindofmi1itaryworkwithoutexer1yitwastheru1
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