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if　he　is　able　to　restrain　his　laughter。　　In　this　one　gift　of　producing　instant　mirth　Leech　is　almost　alone。　　It　would　be　easy　to　assail　his　manner　and　his　skill；　but　for　sheer　fun；　for　the　invention　of　downright　humorous　situation；　he　is　unapproached；　except　by　Cruikshank。　　He　did　a　few　illustrations　to　Dickens's　Christmas　books；　but　his　bestknown　bookillustrations　properly　so　called　are　to　〃Uncle　Tom's　Cabin；〃　the　〃ic　Histories〃　of　A'Beckett；　the　〃Little　Tour　in　Ireland；〃　and　certain　sporting　novels　by　the　late　Mr。　Surtees。　　Tenniel　now　confines　himself　almost　exclusively　to　the　weekly　cartoons　with　which　his　name　is　popularly　associated。　　But　years　ago　he　used　to　invent　the　most　daintily　fanciful　initial　letters；　and　many　of　his　admirers　prefer　the　serio　grotesque　designs　of　〃Punch's　PocketBook；〃　〃Alice　in　Wonderland；〃　and　〃Through　the　LookingGlass；〃　to　the　always　correctlydrawn　but　sometimes　stifflyconceived　cartoons。　　What；　for　example；　could　be　more　delightful　than　the　picture；　in　〃Alice　in　Wonderland；〃　of　the　〃Mad　Tea　Party？〃　　Observe　the　hopelessly　distraught　expression　of　the　March　hare；　and　the　eager　incoherence　of　the　hatter！　　A　little　further　on　the　pair　are　trying　to　squeeze　the　dormouse　into　the　teapot；　and　a　few　pages　back　the　blue　caterpillar　is　discovered　smoking　his　hookah　on　the　top　of　a　mushroom。　　He　was　exactly　three　inches　long；　says　the　veracious　chronicle；　but　what　a　dignity！what　an　oriental　flexibility　of　gesture！　　Speaking　of　animals；　it　must　not　be　fotten　that　Tenniel　is　a　master　in　this　line。　　His　〃British　Lion；〃　in　particular；　is　a　most　imposing　quadruped；　and　so　often　in　request　that　it　is　not　necessary　to　go　back　to　the　famous　cartoons　on　the　Indian　mutiny　to　seek　for　examples　of　that　magnificent　presence。　　As　a　specimen　of　the　artist's　treatment　of　the　lesser　felidae；　the　reader's　attention　is　invited　to　this　charming　little　kitten　from　〃Through　the　LookingGlass。〃

Mr。　Tenniel　is　a　link　between　Leech　and　the　younger　school　of　〃Punch〃　artists；　of　whom　Mr。　Gee　du　Maurier；　Mr。　Linley　Sambourne；　and　Mr。　Charles　Keene　are　the　most　illustrious。　　The　first　is　nearly　as　popular　as　Leech；　and　is　certainly　a　greater　favourite　with　cultivated　audiences。　　He　is　not　so　much　a　humorist　as　a　satirist　of　the　Thackeray　type；unsparing　in　his　denunciation　of　shams；　affectations；　and　flimsy　pretences　of　all　kinds。　　A　master　of　position　and　acplished　draughtsman；　he　excels　in　the　delineation　of　〃society〃its　bishops；　its　〃professional　beauties〃　and　〃aesthetes；〃　its　nouveaux　riches；　its　distinguished　foreigners；　while　now　and　then　（but　not　too　often）　he　lets　us　know　that　if　he　chose　he　could　be　equally　happy　in　depicting　the　lowest　classes。　There　was　a　barroom　scene　not　long　ago　in　〃Punch〃　which　gave　the　clearest　evidence　of　this。　　Some　of　those　for　whom　no　good　thing　is　good　enough　plain；　it　is　said；　that　he　lacks　varietythat　he　is　too　constant　to　one　type　of　feminine　beauty。　　But　any　one　who　will　be　at　the　pains　to　study　a　group　of　conventional　〃society〃　faces　from　any　of　his　〃At　Homes〃　or　〃Musical　Parties〃　will　speedily　discover　that　they　are　really　very　subtly　diversified　and　contrasted。　　For　a　case　in　point；　take　the　decorously　sympathetic　group　round　the　sensitive　German　musician；　who　is　〃veeping〃　over　one　of　his　own　positions。　　Or　follow　the　titter　running　round　that　amused　assembly　to　whom　the　tenor　warbler　is　singing　〃Meeeet　me　once　again；〃　with　such　passionate　emphasis　that　the　domestic　cat　mistakes　it　for　a　wellknown　area　cry。　　As　for　his　ladies；　it　may　perhaps　be　conceded　that　his　type　is　a　little　persistent。　　Still　it　is　a　type　so　refined；　so　graceful；　so　attractive　altogether；　that　in　the　jarring　of　less　wellfavoured　realities　it　is　an　advantage　to　have　it　always　before　our　eyes　as　a　standard　to　which　we　can　appeal。　Mr。　du　Maurier　is　a　fertile　bookillustrator；　whose　hand　is　frequently　seen　in　the　〃Cornhill；〃　and　elsewhere。　　Some　of　his　best　work　of　this　kind　is　in　Douglas　Jerrold's　〃Story　of　a　Feather；〃　in　Thackeray's　〃Ballads；〃　and　the　large　edition　of　the　〃Ingoldsby　Legends；〃　to　which　Leech；　Tenniel；　and　Cruikshank　also　contributed。　One　of　his　prettiest　positions　is　the　group　here　reproduced　from　〃Punch's　Almanack〃　for　1877。　　The　talent　of　his　colleague；　Mr。　Linley　Sambourne；　may　fairly　be　styled　unique。　　It　is　difficult　to　pare　it　with　anything　in　its　way；　except　some　of　the　happier　efforts　of　the　late　Mr。　Charles　Bent；　to　which；　nevertheless；　it　is　greatly　superior　in　execution。　　To　this　clever　artist's　invention　everything　seems　to　present　itself　with　a　train　of　fantastic　accessory　so　whimsically　inexhaustible　that　it　almost　overpowers　one　with　its　prodigality。　　Each　fresh　examination　of　his　designs　discloses　something　overlooked　or　unexpected。　　Let　the　reader　study　for　a　moment　the　famous　〃Birds　of　a　Feather〃　of　1875；　or　that　ingenious　skit　of　1877　upon　the　rival　Grosvenor　Gallery　and　Academy；　in　which　the　late　President　of　the　latter　is　shown　as　the　proudest　of　peacocks；　the　eyes　of　whose　tail　are　portraits　of　Royal　Academicians；　and　whose　bodyfeathers　are　paint　brushes　and　shillings　of　admission。　　Mr。　Sambourne　is　excellent；　too；　at　adaptations　of　popular　pictures；witness　the　more　than　happy　parodies　of　Herrman's　〃A　Bout　d'Arguments；〃　and　〃Une　Bonne　Histoire。〃　　His　bookillustrations　have　been　paratively　few；　those　to　Burnand's　laughable　burlesque　of　〃Sandford　and　Merton〃　being　among　the　best。　　Rumour　asserts　that　he　is　at　present　engaged　upon　Kingsley's　〃Water　Babies；〃　a　subject　which　might　almost　be　supposed　to　have　been　created　for　his　pencil。　　There　are　indications；　it　may　be　added；　that　Mr。　Sambourne's　talents　are　by　no　means　limited　to　the　domain　in　which　for　the　present　he　chooses　to　exercise　them；　and　it　is　not　impossible　that　he　may　hereafter　take　high　rank　as　a　cartoonist。　　Mr。　Charles　Keene；　a　selection　from　whose　sketches　has　recently　been　issued　under　the　title　of　〃Our　People；〃　is　unrivalled　in　certain　bourgeois；　military；　and　provincial　types。　　No　one　can　draw　a　volunteer；　a　monthly　nurse；　a　Scotchman；　an　〃ancient　mariner〃　of　the　wateringplace　species；　with　such　absolutely　humorous　verisimilitude。　　Personages；　too；　in　whose　eyesto　use　Mr。　Swiveller's　euphemism〃the　sun　has　shone　too　strongly；〃　find　in　Mr。　Keene　a　merciless　satirist　of　their　〃pleasant　vices。〃　　Like　Leech；　he　has　also　a　remarkable　power　of　indicating　a　landscape　background　with　the　fewest　possible　touches。　　His　book　illustrations　have　been　。mainly　confined　to　magazines　and　novels。　Those　in　〃Once　a　Week〃　to　a　〃Good　Fight；〃　the　tale　subsequently　elaborated　by　Charles　Reade　into　the　〃Cloister　and　the　Hearth；〃　present　some　good　specimens　of　his　earlier　work。　　One　of　these；　in　which　the　dwarf　of　the　story　is　seen　climbing　up　a　wall　with　a　lantern　at　his　back；　will　probably　be　remembered　by　many。

After　the　〃Punch〃　school　there　are　other　lesser　luminaries。　　Mr。　W。　S。　Gilbert's　drawings　to　his　own　inimitable　〃Bab　Ballads〃　have　a　perverse　drollery　which　is　quite　in　keeping　with　that　erratic　text。　Mr。　F。　Barnard；　whose　exceptional　talents　have　not　been　sufficiently　recognised；　is　a　master　of　certain　phases　of　strongly　marked　character；　and；　like　Mr。　Charles　Green；　has　contributed　some　excellent　sketches　to　the　〃Household　Edition〃　of　Dickens。　　Mr。　Sullivan　of　〃Fun；〃　whose　grotesque　studies　of　the　〃British　Tradesman〃　and　〃Workman〃　have　recently　been　republished；　has　abounding　vis　ica；　but　he　has　hitherto　done　little　in　the　way　of　illustrating　books。　　For　minute　pictorial　stocktaking　and　photographic　retention　of　detail；　Mr。　Sullivan's　artistic　memory　may　almost　be　pared　to　the　wonderful　literary　memory　of　Mr。　Sala。　Mr。　John　Proctor；　who　some　years　ago　（in　〃Will　o'　the　Wisp〃）　seemed　likely　to　rival　Tenniel　as　a　cartoonist；　has　not　been　very　active　in　this　way；　while　Mr。　Matthew　Man；　the　clever　artist　of　the　〃Tomahawk；〃　has　transferred　his　services　to　the　United　States。　　Of　Mr。　Bowcher　of　〃Judy；〃　and　various　other　professedly　humorous　designers；　space　permits　no　further　mention。

There　remains；　however；　one　popular　branch　of　bookillustration；　which　has　attracted　the　talents　of　some　of　the　most　skilful　and　original　of　modern　draughtsmen；　i。e。　the　embellishment　of　children's　books。　　From　the　days　when　Mulready　drew　the　old　〃Butterfly's　B